Chapter 2 Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, students should be able to:
- Contextualize how the Arts & Crafts movement in America developed during the age of industrialization in America.
- Relate design as responding to the time. Design responded to its competition, industry, by not being overly decorative/ornate like pre-industrial era designs. Since the middle class was the largest market for craft artists, function was most important with attention to subtle, simple aesthetic details.
- Show how crafts artists were influenced by outside influences like Japanese decorative arts and printmaking just as painters and other artists were.
- Explain the difference between the Arts and Crafts style and the Arts and Crafts movement.
- Discuss the foundations of American studio craft that were established at the turn of the century.
- Compare and contrast the American and English opinion of manufacturing's impact on studio craft as it pertained to creation, distribution, marketing and sales of "handmade" objects.
- Describe the role of Arts and Crafts societies in various cities across America.
- Describe the rise of Arts and Crafts communities and explain why, ultimately, most did not survive.
- Describe the impact of American education reform on the studio craft movement, and the ideals that influenced both. (Show that the education level of craftsmen tended to be higher than the average person, though this contrasts with how they are typically characterized historically.)
Chapter 2 Resource Lists
Here you will find useful reference lists associated with Chapter 2. Scroll down to view all resources, or select from the following to go directly to any category:
SUPPLEMENTARY READING (Chapter 2)
- Reginald Machell at Point Loma
- Newcomb Names
- Woodcarving in Boston (Ionannes (John) Kirchmeyer,
Molly Coolidge Perkins, Leander Plummer)
- Other Art Potteries (Wanopee Pottery, Merrimac Ceramic
Company, Tiffany Studios, Clifton Art Pottery, Niloak Pottery, Rookwood, Weller Pottery, Northwestern Terra Cotta Co.,
Roblin)
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CERAMISTS (Chapter 2)
- C.R. Ashbee
- Arthur Eugene Baggs
- Henrietta Bailey
- Edwin AtLee Barber
- Wayne Bates
- Charles Fergus Binns, Figure 2.18
- Theophilus A. Brouwer, Jr.
- Edith Brown
- Horace Caulkins
- Ernest Chaplet
- Kathryn Cherry
- Paul Cox
- Auguste Delaherche
- Taxile Doat
- Marshall Fry
- Ellis Gates
- Paul Gates
- William Day Gates
- Gorham Manufacturing Company, Figure 2.25
- Elmer Groton
- William Henry Grueby
- Grueby Faience Company (decoration attributed to Ruth Erickson), Figure 2.13
- Edith Guerrier
- Herbert Hall
- John Hall
- Peter Hall
- Joseph Herrick
- Sadie Irvine
- Harriet Joor, Figure 2.17
- John Kirchmayer
- Joseph Kirkham
- Charles H. Land
- Marie de Hoa LeBlanc
- Walter Scott Lenox
- M. Louise McLaughlin
- Henry Chapman Mercer (Moravian Tileworks), Figure 2.15
- Joseph Meyer, Figure 2.17
- Josephine Louise LeMonnier Newcomb
- Leona Nicholson
- George Ohr, Figure Figure 2.20, Figure 2.21, Figure 2.22
- Mary Chase Perry, Figure 2.16
- Frederick Hürten Rhead
- Hugh Cornwall Robertson
- Adelaide Alsop Robineau, Figure 2.19
- Samuel Robineau
- David Robertson Smith
- Ellen Gates Starr
- Frank Swain
- John Swallow
- Artus Van Briggle
- Charles Volkmar
- Van Briggle Pottery, Figure 2.14
- Sabina Elliot Wells
- Fred H. Wilde
- Ellsworth Woodward
- Richard Zakin
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FIBER AND TEXTILE ARTISTS (Chapter 2)
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GLASS ARTISTS (Chapter 2)
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METALSMITHS AND JEWELRY MAKERS (Chapter 2)
- Patricia Gay
- George Christian Gebelein
- Alice Gouvy
- Edward Holbrook
- George Joseph Hunt, Figure 2.30
- Dard Hunter
- Robert Riddle Jarvie, Figure 2.32
- George Prentiss Kendrick
- Karl Kipp, Figure 2.02
- René Lalique
- H. Stuart Michie, Figure 2.28
- Julia Munson
- John Petterson
- Arthur J. Stone, Figure 2.29
- Louis Comfort Tiffany, Figure 2.26, Figure 2.27
- Brainerd Bliss Thresher, Figure 2.24
- Clara Barck Welles, Figure 2.31
- George Welles
- Madeline Yale Wynne, Figure 2.23
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WOODWORKERS AND FURNITURE DESIGNERS (Chapter 2)
- A. Page Brown
- Harvey Ellis, Figure 2.05
- Alexander J. Forbes, Figure 2.03
- Greene and Greene, Figure 2.11
- Paul Horti, Figure 2.08
- Charles P. Limbert
- John Maene
- Lucia Kleinhans Mathews, Figure 2.12
- Thomas McGlynn
- Wallace Nutting
- William L. Price, Figure 2.38
- Charles Rohlfs, Figure 2.07
- Roycroft, Figure 2.01
- Gertrude Roberts Smith
- Zulma DeLacy Steele-Parker, Figure 2.39
- Albert Stickley
- Stickley Brothers Company, Figure 2.06
- Gustav Stickley, Figure 2.04, Figure 2.05
- John George Stickley
- Leopold Stickley
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ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS (Chapter 2)
- Edward Colonna
- Ralph Adams Cram
- Harvey Ellis
- George Grant Elmslie
- Wilson Eyre
- Cass Gilbert
- Charles Sumner Greene
- Henry Mather Greene
- Albert Kahn
- Addison B. Le Boutillier
- Charles Rennie Mackintosh
- Mead and White McKim
- Eliel Saarinen
- William Stratton
- Louis Sullivan
- Frank Lloyd Wright, Figure 2.09, Figure 2.10
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BUSINESS AND GALLERY OWNERS (Chapter 2)
- Siegfried Bing
- Henry Ford
- Elbert Hubbard
- Elbert Hubbard
- John D. Larkin
- George Emery Littlefield
- Oscar Onken
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EDUCATORS (Chapter 2)
- Jane Addams
- John Dewey
- Arthur Wesley Dow, Figure 2.41
- Frederick H. Meyer
- Edward Orton
- Mary Given Sheerer
- Walter Smith
- Beth Starbuck
- Zulma DeLacey Steele-Parker
- Calvin M. Woodward
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PAINTERS, PHOTOGRAPHERS & SCULPTORS (Chapter 2)
- Louis Betts
- William Merritt Chase
- Dawson Dawson-Watson
- Arthur Mathews
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PATRONS (Chapter 2)
- Mrs. Avery Coonley
- Charles Freer
- Isabella Stewart Gardner
- Julia Hoffman
- Joseph P. McHugh
- Edward Pressey
- Helen Osborne Storrow
- Ralph Radcliffe Whitehead
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PUBLIC LIFE (Chapter 2)
- Clarence Darrow
- William McKinley
- Theodore Roosevelt
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SCHOLARS, LEADERS, CURATORS, WRITERS, AND CRITICS (Chapter 2)
- Marcus Benjamin
- Edward Bok
- John Burroughs
- Isaac Edwards Clarke
- Martin Eidelberg
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Henry George
- Lloyd Herman
- William Morris
- John Muir
- Charles Eliot Norton
- Robert Owen
- Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
- John Ruskin
- Thorstein Veblen
- Oscar Wilde
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EVENTS (Chapter 2)
- Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia (1876)
- Clay Products Show
- Cotton Centennial of 1884
- Craftsman Workshops
- International Exhibition of Modern Decorative Arts, Turin (1902)
- Louisiana Purchase Universal Exposition, Saint Louis (1904)
- Massachusetts Drawing Act of 1870
- Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco (1915)
- Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo (1901)
- Paris Exposition of 1900
- Saint Petersburg world's fair (1901)
- San Francisco earthquake of 1906
- World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1893)
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INSTITUTIONS & ORGANIZATIONS (Chapter 2)
- Académie Julian
- Alfred University, College of Ceramics
- American Ceramics Society
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society
- Boston Museum School
- Byrdcliffe colony
- California College of Arts and Crafts (CCAC)
- California Guild of Arts and Crafts
- California School of Design
- Chicago Arts and Crafts Society
- Cincinnati Art Academy
- College Settlement
- Deerfield Society of Arts and Crafts
- Elverhöj Colony
- English Art Workers' Guild
- Free Dress League
- Guild of Handicraft
- Guild of St. George
- Hull-House
- Ipswich Summer School of Art
- Kalo Art-Craft Community
- Manual Training High School
- Massachusetts Normal School
- Mercer Museum
- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- Neighborhood Guild
- New Clairvaux colony
- Newcomb College
- Ohio State University
- Oregon College of Art and Craft
- Philadelphia Museum and School of Industrial Art
- Portland Arts and Crafts Society
- Pratt Institute
- Rhode Island School of Design
- Saint Louis Manual Training School
- Saint Mary's Hall
- San Francisco Arts and Crafts Society
- Saturday Evening Girls' Club
- School of the Worcester Art Museum
- Society of Arts and Crafts, Boston (SACB)
- Toledo Manual Training School
- Trenton School of Technical Science and Art
- U.S. Potter's Association
- Wiener Werkstätte
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BUSINESSES (Chapter 2)
- American Terra Cotta & Ceramic Co.
- Biloxi Art Pottery
- Bing & Grondahl
- Ceramic Art Company
- Charles P. Limbert Company
- Corning Glass Works
- Fellowship Farms
- Furniture Shop
- Gates Pottery Co.
- Grueby Pottery
- Handicraft Shops
- Kalo Shop
- L. and J.G. Stickley Furniture Company
- Larkin Soap Company
- Lenox China
- Los Angeles Pressed Brick Company
- Marblehead Pottery
- Middle Lane Pottery
- Moravian Pottery and Tile Works
- Morris & Co.
- Newcomb Pottery
- Paul Revere Pottery
- Pewabic Pottery
- Rookwood Pottery
- Shop of the Crafters
- Steuben Glass Works
- Stevens & Williams
- T.G. Hawkes Co.
- Teco
- Tiffany & Co.
- Western Art Tile
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PUBLICATIONS (Chapter 2)
- Ariel magazine
- Art Education
- Artsman magazine
- Batchelder, Ernest A.: Nature Symbols in Design in Theory and Practice
- Binns, Charles Fergus: Manual of Practical Potting, Potter's Craft
- Ceramics Monthly
- China Decorator magazine
- Clay-Worker
- Common Clay
- Craftsman magazine
- De Kay, Charles: The Art Work of Louis C. Tiffany
- Glass and Pottery World
- Handicraft magazine
- House and Garden magazine
- House Beautiful magazine
- International Studio magazine
- Jones, Owen: Grammar of Ornament
- Kelmscott Press
- Keramic Studio magazine
- Philistine (magazine)
- Philopolis magazine
- Ross, Denman: A Theory of Pure Design
- Time and Tide magazine
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STYLES & MOVEMENTS (Chapter 2)
- American Arts and Crafts
- Art glass
- Art nouveau
- Art pottery
- Capitalism
- China painting
- Colonial revival
- Costume jewelry
- Craftsman houses
- English Arts and Crafts
- Factory system
- Gothic style
- Guilds
- Immigrants and immigration
- Industrial design
- Industrialization
- Manual-training movement
- Mass production
- Medieval period
- Mission style
- Moral environmentalism
- Occupational therapy
- Photo-Secession
- Prairie school architecture
- Progressivism
- Reform movements
- Renaissance style
- Settlement houses
- Socialism
- South Kensington system
- Spanish colonial style
- Urbanization
- Utopianism
- Women's movement
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